基于"PSR+RS"模式的菩提岛整治修复前后生态系统健康评价     

王娜  曹英志  康婧  李雪瑞  王晶  郭连杰  李方 《海洋通报》2019,38(4):455-461

海岛生态系统是海洋生态系统的重要组成部分。近年来,随着海岛人为活动数量不断增加,加速了对海岛生态环境的破坏,一些海岛生态失衡严重,生态系统受损加剧。而对受损海岛生态系统开展人工参与下的主动式生态恢复,是目前较为主流的恢复方法和手段,菩提岛整治修复项目正是基于上述修复理念开展并完成的。本文以菩提岛海岛及周边海域为研究区域,基于PSR模型,以RS方式为主要指标获取方式,构建了适用于我国海岛整治修复模式下的海岛生态系统健康评价体系,对其整治修复前后生态系统健康状况开展评价分析。结果显示:2008年,该岛生态系统健康值IEI为0.374 0,生态系统较脆弱,整体状况较差,亟须开展保护与修复工作;2014年,经岛体修复并趋于稳定状态后,该岛生态系统健康值IEI提升至0.673 8,生态系统较健康,处于稳定状态,但仍具有上升空间。经整治修复前后纵向对比,生态系统健康波动值ΔIEI为0.299 8,表明该岛生态系统经过修复后已有所好转。  相似文献   

Subalpine forest water use behaviour and evapotranspiration during two hydrologically contrasting growing seasons in the Canadian Rockies     

Lindsey E. Langs  Richard M. Petrone  John W. Pomeroy 《水文研究》2021,35(5):e14158

Hydrological processes in mountain headwater basins are changing as climate and vegetation change. Interactions between hydrological processes and subalpine forest ecological function are important to mountain water supplies due to their control on evapotranspiration (ET). Improved understanding of the sensitivity of these interactions to seasonal and interannual changes in snowmelt and summer rainfall is needed as these interactions can impact forest growth, succession, health, and susceptibility to wildfire. To better understand this sensitivity, this research examined ET for a sub-alpine forest in the Canadian Rockies over two contrasting growing seasons and quantified the contribution of transpiration (T) from the younger tree population to overall stand ET. The younger population was focused on to permit examination of trees that have grown under the effect of recent climate change and will contribute to treeline migration, and subalpine forest densification and succession. Research sites were located at Fortress Mountain Research Basin, Kananaskis, Alberta, where the subalpine forest examined is composed of Abies lasiocarpa (Subalpine fir) and Picea engelmannii (Engelmann spruce). Seasonal changes in water availability from snowmelt, precipitation, soil moisture reserves yielded stark differences in T and ET between 2016 and 2017. ET was higher in the drier year (2017), which had late snowmelt and lower summer rainfall than in the wetter year (2016) that had lower snowmelt and a rainy summer, highlighting the importance of spring snowmelt recharge of soil moisture. However, stand T of the younger trees (73% of forest population) was greater (64 mm) in 2016 (275 mm summer rainfall) than 2017 (39 mm T, 147 mm summer rainfall), and appears to be sensitive to soil moisture decreases in fall, which are largely a function of summer period rainfall. Relationships between subalpine forest water use and different growing season and antecedent (snowmelt period) hydrological conditions clarify the interactions between forest water use and alpine hydrology, which can lead to better anticipation of the hydrological response of subalpine forest-dominated basins to climate variability and change.  相似文献   

基于计划行为理论的城市居住分异对居民健康活动的影响研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李智轩  胡宏 《地理科学进展》2019,38(11):1712-1725

虽然国内外大量研究探讨了居住环境与健康关系,但较少将城市地理学与社会心理学结合,从理性行为角度分析居住环境对居民身体活动的影响机制。论文引入计划行为理论的分析框架,以中国居住空间分异的特殊性为切入点,以南京为实证对象,运用结构方程模型解析居民态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制和行为意向对居民身体活动的影响路径。结果表明：传统社区、单位社区、保障房社区、城中村和商品房小区的居民社会经济特征和健康活动存在明显差异。影响居民健身意向和健身活动的最重要因素为知觉健身行为控制强度感知。消减居民健身的主观限制,包括为其提供健身设备、公共健身资源和对健身进行补贴,可提升其健身活动水平。研究结果可为通过改善建成环境进行健康行为的主动干预提供对策建议。  相似文献   

Exploring sustainable aquaculture development using a nutrition-sensitive approach     

《Global Environmental Change》2021

Micronutrient deficiencies constitute a pressing public health concern, especially in developing countries. As a dense source of bioavailable nutrients, aquatic foods can help alleviate such deficiencies. Developing aquaculture that provides critical micronutrients without sacrificing the underlying environmental resources that support these food production systems is therefore essential. Here, we address these dual challenges by optimizing nutrient supply while constraining the environmental impacts from aquaculture. Using life cycle assessment and nutritional data from Indonesia, a top aquaculture producer, we sought to identify aquaculture systems that increase micronutrient supplies and reduce environmental impacts (e.g., habitat destruction, freshwater pollution, and greenhouse gas emissions). Aquaculture systems in Indonesia vary more by environmental impacts (e.g. three order of magnitude for fresh water usage) than by nutritional differences (approximately ± 50% differences from mean relative nutritional score). Nutritional-environmental tradeoffs exist, with no single system offering a complete nutrition-environment win–win. We also find that previously proposed future aquaculture paths suboptimally balance nutritional and environmental impacts. Instead, we identify optimized aquaculture production scenarios for 2030 with nutrient per gram densities 105–320% that of business-as-usual production and with environmental impacts as low as 25% of those of business-as-usual. In these scenarios Pangasius fish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) ponds prove desirable due to their low environmental impacts, but average relative nutrient score. While the environmental impacts of the three analyzed brackish water systems range from average to high compared to other aquaculture systems, their nutritional attributes render them necessary when maximizing all nutrients except vitamin A. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) ponds also proved essential in maximizing zinc and omega n-3, while Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cages were necessary in optimizing the production of calcium and vitamin A. These optimal aquaculture strategies also reduce business-as-usual demand for wild fish-based feed by 0–30% and mangrove expansion by 0–75% with no additional expansion into inland open waters and freshwater ponds. As aquaculture production expands globally, optimization presents a powerful opportunity to reduce malnutrition rates at reduced environmental impacts. The proposed reorientation promotes UN sustainable development goals 2 (zero hunger), 3 (health), 13 (climate action) and 14 (life under water) and requires concerted and targeted policy changes.  相似文献   

流域可持续性理想域和现实状态测度   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郭怀成  高伟  王真  陈琼  伊璇  向男  周丰 《地理研究》2012,31(11):1929-1940

可持续发展是当今世界各国公认的发展准则,但其概念的模糊性与测度方法的单一性阻碍了这一理念的有效应用。在水生态阈值、经济增长底限值和社会发展警戒值等共同约束下,水生态保护目标、经济增长目标与社会发展目标等多目标相互博弈而存在区间范围的基础上,提出了流域可持续性及其理想域的概念以及时间、空间、认知、子系统效益博弈关系、可行区间等决定要素。基于优化方法建立流域可持续性理想域测度模型,并以此为基准,提出了考虑流域系统内外相互作用现实状态的改进离差法测度模型。结果表明:流域可持续性理想域和现实状态测度模型更加符合实际情况,且能够反映流域内外的交互作用对可持续性的影响,为今后流域可持续发展评估提供了一种新思路和方法。  相似文献   

区域产业生态系统健康的模糊物元贴近度评价研究——以天津滨海新区为例     

李健  康懿 《地域研究与开发》2012,31(3):131-135

产业生态系统是围绕人类活动形成的复合型产业体系,如何衡量区域产业发展的健康程度是产业生态化的重要实践工具。以天津滨海新区为例,针对目前此类研究中指标评价标准的科学性和权重客观性的问题,构建了模糊物元贴近度模型,对区域产业生态系统健康进行评价研究。结果表明:近年来滨海新区产业生态系统健康整体处于平缓上升趋势,但从各要素的贴近度排序来看,仍存在第三产业比重和环保投入比重较低、近岸海域水质较差等问题。针对天津滨海新区产业生态系统健康的影响因素,提出了建立以循环经济为导向的产业集群、构建现代服务体系等对策建议。  相似文献   

黄河三角洲滨海湿地健康条件评价概念模型   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

叶思源  SMITH Gregory Jame  高茂生  丁喜桂  刘强 《地质论评》2009,55(4):545-551

滨海湿地健康与生物学特征主要取决于区域上的水文与盐度体制以及景观尺度上的土地利用现状。然而,由于滨海湿地条件评价的指标和标准并不十分清楚,因此,对滨海湿地系统条件进行评价,目前仍是环境科学的难点。中国地质调查局（CGS）青岛海洋地质研究所与美国地质调查局湿地研究中心合作先后为美国密西西比河下游生态环境及中国黄河三角洲（YRD）滨海湿地评价建立了概念模型。本文将陈述YRD湿地评价的概念模型。此模型的建立在于确定滨海湿地当前的条件和随时间改善或退化的过程,以及确定优先管理的区域。CGS项目之所以选取YRD作为滨海湿地的研究对象主要是因为它具有重要的生态意义。由于上游来水减少或黄河断流,该区湿地生境十分脆弱。本文提出此概念模型可为今后湿地条件评价指标确定、调查研究活动和数据采集提供指导。通过该模型的构建,使环境变化可用具体指标来度量,从而服务于滨海湿地生态系统的保护与管理活动。  相似文献   

Drinking water quality in villages of southwestern Haryana,India: assessing human health risks associated with hydrochemistry   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Vinod K. Garg  Surindra Suthar  Sushma Singh  Aleenjeet Sheoran  Garima  Meenakshi  Sandeep Jain 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(6):1329-1340

The chemical quality of groundwater of western Haryana, India was assessed for its suitability for drinking purposes. A total of 275 water samples were collected from deep aquifer based hand-pumps situated in 37 different villages/towns of Bhiwani region. The water samples were analyzed for different physico-chemical properties, e.g., pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total harness (TH), total alkalinity (TA), calcium, magnesium, carbonate, bicarbonate, sulphate, chloride and fluoride concentrations. In this study, the average TDS content was greater ranging 1,692 (Bhiwani block) to 2,560 mg l⁻¹ (Siwani block), and other important parameters of water, e.g., TA (442–1,232 mg l⁻¹), TH (437–864 mg l⁻¹) and bicarbonate (554–672 mg l⁻¹), were also higher than maximum permissible limit by WHO or BIS. The fluoride appeared as a major problem of safe drinking water in this region. We recorded greater fluoride concentration, i.e., 86.0 mg l⁻¹ from Motipura village that is highest fluoride level ever recorded for Haryana state. The average fluoride concentration ranged between 7.1 and 0.8 mg l⁻¹ in different blocks of western Haryana. On the basis of fluoride concentration, Siwani block showed the maximum number of water samples (84% of total collected samples) unsuitable for drinking purposes (containing fluoride >1.5 mg l⁻¹) followed by Charki Dadri block (58%), Bhiwani block (52%), Bawani Khera block (33%) and Loharu block (14%). This study clearly suggest that some health deteriorating chemicals in drinking water were at dangerous level and; therefore, water quality could be a major health threat for local residents of western Haryana. The high fluoride level in drinking water has posed some serious dental health risks in local residents.  相似文献   

Naturally occurring asbestos in eastern Australia: a review of geological occurrence,disturbance and mesothelioma risk   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Marc Hendrickx 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(4):909-926

Potential asbestos-bearing rocks account for about 0.2% of the land area of eastern Australia. The main mode of occurrence is as narrow cross fibre and slip fibre veins of chrysotile asbestos in serpentinised ophiolite complexes along the boundaries of major tectonic domains. Smaller deposits of chrysotile and amphibole asbestos occur in metamorphosed mafic and ultramafic rocks associated with the Macquarie Volcanic Arc in New South Wales. Amphibole asbestos is also known from Proterozoic and Palaeozoic amphibolite and from Devonian basalt. Natural asbestos-bearing materials in eastern Australia have been disturbed by mining, road construction, agriculture and forestry, urban development and through natural weathering processes. Persons most at risk of potential exposure to asbestos from natural sources include: farmers who work or live in areas where asbestos-bearing materials may be routinely disturbed by agricultural activities; construction workers involved in large-scale earthwork projects in areas underlain by asbestos-bearing rocks; and quarry workers who unwittingly disturb asbestos-bearing materials. Government authorities and private enterprise need to take geological factors into account to reduce the likelihood of unplanned disturbance of natural asbestos-bearing materials. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

生态系统变化：工商业面临的机遇和挑战   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张永民 《地球科学进展》2009,24(4):452-457

简要介绍了千年生态系统评估（MA）项目编写的《生态系统与人类福祉：工商业面临的机遇和挑战》的核心内容。报告表明：① 工商业与生态系统之间存在着复杂的相互作用,一方面,工商业需要依赖生态系统服务的可持续供给才能得以长期运营,另一方面,工商业的各种活动也会导致生态系统及其服务发生变化;② 在1950—2000年的50年里,全球生态系统已经发生了许多不利于工商业长期持续发展的巨大变化,而且在未来50年内仍会发生一些与工商业密切相关的重要变化;③ 生态系统及其服务的巨大变化已经引起了管理部门的高度重视,今后工商业的发展必然会受到生态系统管理方面的重要影响;④ 工商业的发展要想长期立于不败之地,必须正确、全面地认识生态系统及其服务发生的重大变化,以及它们对业界带来的机遇和挑战,同时对自身的发展战略相应地做出调整。
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